Design rules for modulation-doped AlAs quantum wells

Thanks to their multi-valley, anisotropic, energy band structure, two-dimensional electron systems (2DESs) in modulation-doped AlAs quantum wells (QWs) provide a unique platform to investigate electron interaction physics and ballistic transport. Indeed, a plethora of phenomena unseen in other 2DESs have been observed over the past decade. However, a foundation for sample design is still lacking for AlAs 2DESs, limiting the means to achieve optimal quality samples. Here we present a systematic study on the fabrication of modulation-doped AlAs and GaAs QWs over a wide range of AlxGa1−xAs barrier alloy compositions. Our data indicate clear similarities in modulation doping mechanisms for AlAs and GaAs, and provide guidelines for the fabrication of very high quality AlAs 2DESs. We highlight the unprecedented quality of the fabricated AlAs samples by presenting the magnetotransport data for low density (' 1× 10 cm−2) AlAs 2DESs that exhibit high-order fractional quantum Hall signatures.